Effect of fluoridated alcoholic and non-alcoholic mouth rinses on the load-deflection rate of orthodontic archwires: an in vitro study

Paridhi Jha; Vaibhav Misra; Rajeshwar Singh; Sonal Attri

doi:10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20263755

Authors

Paridhi Jha Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, D. J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
Vaibhav Misra Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, D. J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
Rajeshwar Singh Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, D. J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
Sonal Attri Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, D. J. College of Dental Sciences and Research, Modinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20263755

Keywords:

Orthodontic archwires, Fluoride mouthrinse, Load-deflection, Nickel-titanium, In vitro study

Abstract

Background: Fluoride mouthrinses are routinely prescribed during orthodontic treatment; however, their interaction with different archwire materials may influence mechanical performance, particularly load-deflection characteristics. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of fluoridated alcoholic and non-alcoholic mouthrinses on the load-deflection properties of various orthodontic archwires.

Methods: This experiment was conducted in vitro and involved 75 orthodontic archwire samples of 0.016-inch thickness, consisting of stainless steel, Ni-Ti, Cu-NiTi, β-Ti, and aesthetic-coated wires. The samples were categorized based on the type of liquid medium used: distilled water, fluoride alcoholic mouthwash, and fluoride non-alcoholic mouthwash. Archwires were soaked in the medium for 1.5 hours at 37°C, after which three-point bending tests were carried out by the help of a universal testing machine, and load deflection data were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests.

Results: Significant increases in load-deflection in stainless steel, Cu-NiTi, β-Ti, and aesthetic archwires were seen using fluoride-containing mouthwash, suggesting stiffness enhancement. The most changes in stiffness were noted in aesthetic and Cu-NiTi wires, but not for Ni-Ti archwires which showed no significant change.

Conclusions: Fluoride-containing mouthrinses exert material-dependent effects on orthodontic archwires, with alcoholic formulations producing the greatest alteration. Ni-Ti wires showed superior stability, whereas aesthetic and Cu-NiTi wires were most affected.

References

Jain AK, Savana K, Singh S, Brajendu, Roy S, Priya P. Biomechanical evaluation of different orthodontic archwire materials and their effect on tooth movement efficiency. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2024;16(4):3358-60.

Choudary D, Jnaneshwar P, Kannan R. Evaluation and comparison of load-deflection rate of four initial orthodontic arch wires: An in vitro study. Int J Orthod Rehabil. 2022;13(3):1-9.

Chainani P, Paul P, Shivlani V. Recent advances in orthodontic archwires: A review. Cureus. 2023;15(10):38-47.

Haryani J, Ranabhatt R. Contemporary esthetic orthodontic archwires: A review. J Dent Mater Tech. 2016;5(3):130-5.

Sabbagh H, Janjic Rankovic M, Martin D, Mertmann M, Hotzel L, Wichelhaus A. Load-deflection characteristics of orthodontic Gummetal® wires compared with nickel-titanium wires: An in vitro study. Materials. 2024;17(2):533-40.

Kapila S, Sachdeva R. Mechanical properties and clinical applications of orthodontic wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989;96(2):100-9.

Selvaraj M, Mohaideen K, Sennimalai K, Gothankar GS, Arora G. Effect of oral environment on contemporary orthodontic materials and its clinical implications. J Orthod Sci. 2023;12(1):1-6.

Al-Blaihed D, El Meligy O, Baghlaf K, Aljawi RA, Abudawood S. White spot lesions in fixed orthodontics: Etiology, prevention, and treatment. Cureus. 2024;16(7):53-63.

Aghili H, Yassaei S, Eslami F. Effect of three mouthwashes on mechanical properties and surface morphology of orthodontic wires: An in vitro study. Dent Res J. 2017;14(3):252-9.

Pastor F, Rodriguez JC, Barrera JM, García-Menocal JAD, Brizuela A, Puigdollers A, et al. Effect of fluoride content of mouthwashes on metallic ion release in orthodontic archwires. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(4):2780-9.

Chitra P, Prashantha GS, Rao A. Effect of fluoride agents on surface characteristics of NiTi wires: An ex vivo investigation. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2020;10(4):435-40.

Srivastava K, Chandra PK, Kamat N. Effect of fluoride mouth rinses on various orthodontic archwire alloys tested by modified bending test: an in-vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 2012;23(3):341-7.

Ramalingam A, Kailasam V, Padmanabhan S, Chitharanjan A. The effect of topical fluoride agents on the physical and mechanical properties of Ni-Ti and Copper Ni-Ti archwires. An in-vivo study Aust Orthod J. 2008;24(1):26-31.

Nakano H, Satoh K, Norris R, Jin T, Kamegai T, Ishikawa F, et al. Mechanical properties of several nickel-titanium alloy wires in three-point bending tests. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999;115(4):390-5.

Parvizi F, Rock WP. The load-deflection characteristics of thermally activated orthodontic archwires. Eur J Orthod. 2003;25(4):417-21.

Meling TR, Odegaard J. The effect of short-term temperature changes on superelastic nickel-titanium archwires activated in orthodontic bending. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001;119(3):263-73.

Schiff N, Grosgogeat B, Lissac M, Dalard M. Titanium alloys orthodontic wires: electrochemical study in fluoride dental rinses Eur Cells Mater. 2005;9(2):45-7.

SiiriliäHS, Könönen M. The effect of oral topical flourides on the surface of commercially pure titanium. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1991;6(1):50-4.

Mallory DC, English JD, Powers JM, Brantley WA, Bussa HI. Force-deflection comparison of superelastic nickel-titanium archwires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126(1):110-2.

Omidkhoda M, Sahebnasagh Z, Poosti M, Yaghoobi M, Izadpanahi A. Evaluation of mechanical properties of NiTi orthodontic wire after immersion in three different mouthwashes. Iran J Orthod. 2011;6(1):32-8.

Khalessi AM, Pack AR, Thomson WM, Tomkin GR. An invitro study of the plaque control efficacy of persica: a commercially available herbal mouthwash containing extracts of salvadorapersica. Int Dent J. 2004;54(5):279-83.