Demographics and trends of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study in a tertiary care centre, central India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20261466Keywords:
Hepatocellular carcinoma, Demographics, Hepatitis, Alcohol consumption, EtiologyAbstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most frequent primary liver malignancy, ranks as the sixth leading cause of incidence and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with a heavy healthcare burden in Asian countries. Epidemiological data from India remain limited and are predominantly based on studies conducted in urban settings; therefore, we aimed to assess the demographic characteristics, analyze the etiological spectrum, and identify changing trends in the etiology of HCC in Central India.
Methods: A prospective analysis of patients presented with HCC from January 2022 to December 2024, conducted in the State Cancer Institute NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, a tertiary cancer care centre in Central India. Patient data and details were collected and analysed prospectively.
Results: We conducted a study from January 2022 to December 2024, enrolling a total of 48 patients. The majority were male, with a mean age of 55-58 years. A substantial proportion had a history of alcohol consumption (42%) and tobacco use (46%). Overall, hepatitis B (HBV) (47.92%) emerged as the predominant etiological agent among cases with known risk factors. Most patients presented to our institute with advanced-stage disease (Stage III or IV). The advanced stage at presentation resulted in many patients being unsuitable for curative treatment.
Conclusions: The incidence of HCC is low among all cancers, but it carries a high mortality rate. Alcohol consumption and viral hepatitis were the most common causes. The disease is more common in individuals above 40 years of age, particularly in males.
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