Effect of massage made with aromatherapy oil after mastectomy on acute arm pain and anxiety: a randomized controlled study protocol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3259.ijct20231107Keywords:
Anxiety, Sesame-Lavender oil, Aromatherapy massage, Acute pain, MastectomyAbstract
Background: This article summarizes the study protocol currently used to evaluate the efficacy of aromatherapy massage for the relief of post-mastectomy anxiety and acute arm pain.
Methods: It is a prospective interventional type three-group, randomized controlled, drug-free clinical trial. Eligible patients will be randomly assigned to one of three groups. The population of the study will consist of 90 patients who have undergone simple mastectomy (SM) and modified radical mastectomy (MRM) in the general surgery ward of a training and research hospital in Turkey. After the operation, the arm on the operated side will be massaged with sesame oil in the first group (n=30), sesame-lavender oil in the second group (n=30), and paraffin oil in the third group (n=30).
Conclusions: The primary outcome is the level of acute arm pain and the level of state anxiety. The secondary outcome is vital signs and analgesic use status.
Trial registration: International standard randomized controlled trial number NCT05658367.
References
TR. Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Health Services. Breast Cancer Prevention, Screening, Diagnosis, Treatment and Follow-up Clinical Guide, 2020, Ankara.
Tola OY, Chow MK, Liang W. Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: A systematic review. J Clin Nurs. 2021;00:1-16.
Nemli A, Ceyhan O, Başer M. A recommendation for pain management after breast surgery: Hand massage. Turkey Clinics J Nurs Sci. 2017;9(4):315-21.
Chou R, Gordon DB, De Leon-Casasola OA, Rosenberg JM, Bickler S, Brennan T et al. Management of postoperative pain: A clinical practice guideline from the American pain society, the American society of regional anesthesia and pain medicine, and the American Society of anesthesiologists’ committee on regional anesthesia, executive commit. J Pain. 2016;17(2):131-57.
Andersen KG, Duriaud HM, Jensen HE, Kroman N, Kehlet H. Predictive factors for the development of persistent pain after breast cancer surgery. Pain. 2015;156(12):2413-22.
Temple-Oberle C, Budgell SAM, Tan M, Semple LJ, Schrag C, Barreto M et al. Consensus Review of Optimal Perioperative Care in Breast Reconstruction: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations. Plastic Reconstruct Surg. 2017;139(5):1056-71.
Stamenkovic DM, Rancic NK, Latas MB, Neskovic V, Rondovic GM, Wu JD et al. Preoperative anxiety and implications on postoperative recovery: What can we do to change our history. Minerva Anestesiologica. 2018;84(11):1307-17.
Wilson JC, Mitchelson JA, Tzeng HT, El-Othmani MM, Saleh J, Vasdev S et al. Caring for the surgically anxious patient: a review of the interventions and a guide to optimizing surgical outcomes. Am J Surg. 2015;212(1):151-9.
Franco L, Blanck JJT, Dugan K, Kline R, Shanmugam G, Von Bergen A, Wajda M. Both lavender fleur oil and unscented oil aromatherapy reduce preoperative anxiety in breast surgery patients: a randomized trial. J Clin Anesthesia. 2016;33:243-9.
Kulkarni AR, Pusic AL, Hamill JB, Kim HM, Qi J, Wilkins EG et al. Factors associated with acute postoperative pain following breast reconstruction. JPRAS Open. 2017;11:1-13.
Lee B, Schung SA, Joshi GP Kehlet H; PROSPECT Working Group. Procedure Specific Pain Management (PROSPECT)- An update. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2018;32(2):101-11.
Reisli R, Akkaya TO, Arican S, Can SÖ, Cetin H, Gulec SM et al. Pharmacological treatment of acute postoperative pain: Turkish Algology-Pain Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Pain. 2021;33(1):1-51.
Small C, Laycock H. Acute postoperative pain management. BJS. 2020;107:70-80.
Gok Metin Z, Ozdemir L. The use of aromatherapy and reflexology in the management of pain and fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis. J Education Res Nursing. 2016;13(1):44-9.
Massage therapy in integrative care and pain management. Published by the American Massage Therapy Association, 2021. Available at: https://www.amtamassage.org/resources/massage-and-health/pain-relief/. Accessed on 20 January 2023.
Nasiri M, Farsi Z. Effect of light pressure stroking massage with sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil on alleviating acute traumatic limbs pain: A triple-blind controlled trial in the emergency department. Complementary Therapies in Med. 2017;32:41-8.
Gholami M, Davan TS, Gholami M, Bolandparvaz S, Gholami M, Chamanpara P et al. Effects of Topical Sesame Oil Extracted from Tahini (Ardeh) on Pain Severity in Trauma Patients: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2020;8(3):179-85.
Abbaszadeh R, Tabari F, Taherian K, Torabi S. Lavender aromatherapy in pain management: a review study. Pharmacophore. 2017;8(3):50-54.
Ozata N. Phytotherapy and Aromatherapy. 3rd Edition, Istanbul Medical Health, and Publishing, Istanbul. 2019
Rasooli SA, Salehi F, Mohammadpoorasl A, Goljaryan S, Seyyedi Z, Thomson B. Comparing the effects of aromatherapy massage and inhalation aromatherapy on anxiety and pain in burn patients: A single-blind randomized clinical trial. Burns. 2016;42:1774-80.
Xiao Y, Li L, Xie Y, Xu J, Liu Y. Effects of aroma therapy and music intervention on pain and anxiety for breast cancer patients in the perioperative period. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2018;43(6):656-61.
De Jong M, Lucas C, Bredero H, Van Adrihem L, Tibbol D, Van Dijk M. Does postoperative ‘M’ technique massage with or without mandarin oil reduce infants’ distress after major craniofacial surgery? J Adv Nursing. 2011;68(8):1748-57.
Bulut E. Evaluation of the effect of lavender oil aromatherapy on pain, anxiety, and inspiratory capacity in patients with open heart surgery. Karadeniz Technical University Institute of Health Sciences, Nursing Department Ph.D. Thesis, Trabzon (Advisor: Prof. Dr. Dilek Cilingir). 2020.
Akca KN, Akbuga AG, Arslan ED, Senturk S. Aromatherapy Massage for Pain and Xerosis After Repeated Needle Insertion Into a Fistula Arm in Hemodialysis. Alternative therapies in health and medicine. 2021;27(3):1-7.
Garcia AC, Yaban SZ. The effects of preoperative guided imagery interventions on preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain: A meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2020;38:101077.
T.R. Ministry of Health Public Health Institution, Turkey Cancer Statistics, Ankara, 2017.
Akyolcu N. Breast surgery diseases and care. Akyolcu N, Kanan N, Aksoy N, eds. Surgical Nursing II. 1st Edition. Istanbul: Nobel Medicine Bookstores 2018;327-57.
Gurkan A, Aldemir K, Andsoy Isık I, Gul A. Comparison of four different pain scales in the evaluation of postoperative acute pain intensity. Cukurova Med J. 2020;45(4):562-1571.
Oner N, LeCompte A. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. 2nd Edition. Bogazici University Press, Istanbul. 1985.
Acar K, Acar H, Demir F, Aslan EF. Determination of Post-Surgical Pain Incidence and Amount of Analgesic Use. ACU Heal Sci J. 2016;(2):85-91.
Zor M, Kuçukkelepce SD, Golbası Z. Examination of nursing theses on the effect of aromatherapy in Turkey. Turk J Clin Lab. 2021;1:77-94.
Ayik C, Ozden D. The effects of preoperative aromatherapy massage on anxiety and sleep quality of colorectal surgery patients: A randomized controlled study. Complementary Therapies in Med. 2018;36:93-9.
Crosby CA, Day J, Stidston C, McGinley S, Powell JR. Aromatherapy Massage for Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nursing Women’s Heal. 2018;1:1-10.
Raffi F, Ameri F, Haghani H, Ghobadi A. The effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender and chamomile oil on anxiety and sleep quality of patients with burns. JBUR. 2020;46(1):164-71.
